feat(backend): Create Users and Get JWT

Introducing a unified signup and login API. You can post to the /user
route with credentials (so far just name and password), and if the user
doesn't exist, we create the user and return a token. If the user does
exist, if the password inputted matches the database password, we return
a token for that user, else we return an error.

i've never wanted to kms more during a programming session

backend/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+*.db
+.env

backend/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Backend Usage
+
+In order for this to work, you need to have [sqlite3](https://sqlite.org)
+installed on your system. Once you do, make a databse called `users.db`
+and initialize it with the `sql/init.sql` script:
+
+```sh
+$ cat sql/init.sql | sqlite3 users.db
+```
+
+You also need to have a `.env` file in this folder, with the following options specified
+
+- JWT_SECRET: Used to encrypt tokens for user auth. Must be provided. Should
+be cryptographically secure
+- PORT: Optionally replace the default port of 7741

backend/go.mod

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
 module github.com/devraza/ambition/backend
 
 go 1.20
+
+require (
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt v3.2.2+incompatible
+	github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0
+)

backend/go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+github.com/golang-jwt/jwt v3.2.2+incompatible h1:IfV12K8xAKAnZqdXVzCZ+TOjboZ2keLg81eXfW3O+oY=
+github.com/golang-jwt/jwt v3.2.2+incompatible/go.mod h1:8pz2t5EyA70fFQQSrl6XZXzqecmYZeUEB8OUGHkxJ+I=
+github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1 h1:7eLL/+HRGLY0ldzfGMeQkb7vMd0as4CfYvUVzLqw0N0=
+github.com/joho/godotenv v1.5.1/go.mod h1:f4LDr5Voq0i2e/R5DDNOoa2zzDfwtkZa6DnEwAbqwq4=
+github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17 h1:mCRHCLDUBXgpKAqIKsaAaAsrAlbkeomtRFKXh2L6YIM=
+github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.17/go.mod h1:2eHXhiwb8IkHr+BDWZGa96P6+rkvnG63S2DGjv9HUNg=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0 h1:6Ewdq3tDic1mg5xRO4milcWCfMVQhI4NkqWWvqejpuA=
+golang.org/x/crypto v0.11.0/go.mod h1:xgJhtzW8F9jGdVFWZESrid1U1bjeNy4zgy5cRr/CIio=

backend/main.go

@@ -2,37 +2,39 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"log"
-	"net"
+	"net/http"
 	"os"
 )
 
-const (
-	serverAddress = "localhost:7764"
-)
+type App struct {
+	UserHandler *UserHandler
+}
+
+func (h *App) ServeHTTP(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	var head string
+	head, req.URL.Path = ShiftPath(req.URL.Path)
+	switch head {
+	case "user":
+		h.UserHandler.Handle(res, req)
+	default:
+		http.Error(res, "Not Found", http.StatusNotFound)
+	}
+}
 
 func main() {
-	log.Println("Ambition going strong at", serverAddress)
-
-	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", serverAddress)
+	user_handler, err := NewUserHandler()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalln("Failed to initialise TCP listener", err)
-	}
-	defer listener.close()
-
-	for {
-		conn, err := listener.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Println("Failed to accept connection:", err)
-			continue
+		log.Fatalln(err)
 	}
 
-		// Concurrency FTW
-		go handleConnection(conn)
+	a := &App{
+		UserHandler: user_handler,
 	}
-}
-
-func handleConnection(conn net.Conn) {
-	defer conn.Close()
-
-	// TODO implement actual server. Waiting on frontend for this
+
+	port := os.Getenv("PORT")
+	if port == "" {
+		port = "7741"
+	}
+	log.Println("Ambition going strong at port 7741")
+	http.ListenAndServe(":"+port, a)
 }

backend/sql/init.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+	name TEXT NOT NULL,
+	pwdhash TEXT NOT NULL
+);

backend/user.go

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"crypto/elliptic"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt"
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/bcrypt"
+
+	"database/sql"
+	_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
+)
+
+type UserHandler struct {
+	db         *sql.DB
+	jwt_secret *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+}
+
+type UserRequest struct {
+	Name     string `json:"name"`
+	Password string `json:"password"`
+}
+
+func NewUserHandler() (*UserHandler, error) {
+	db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "users.db")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	jwt_secret, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(elliptic.P256(), rand.Reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return &UserHandler{
+		db:         db,
+		jwt_secret: jwt_secret,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (h *UserHandler) Handle(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	switch req.Method {
+	case "POST":
+		h.createUser(res, req)
+	case "PUT":
+		h.updateUser(res, req)
+	case "DELETE":
+		h.deleteUser(res, req)
+	default:
+		http.Error(res, "Only POST, PUT, and DELETE are valid methods", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+	}
+}
+
+// NOTE(midnadimple): This function could be considered to do too much stuff, but
+// I think this is the best implementation
+func (h *UserHandler) createUser(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	// Can't unmarshal the actual req.Body so must read first
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(req.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(res, fmt.Sprintf("user: failed to read request (%s)", err), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var user_request UserRequest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &user_request); err != nil {
+		http.Error(res, "user: json request body doesn't match schema", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	name := user_request.Name
+	password := []byte(user_request.Password)
+
+	// Password checks
+	// -------------------
+	row := h.db.QueryRow("SELECT pwdhash FROM users WHERE name=?", name)
+	var db_pwdhash string
+
+	if err = row.Scan(&db_pwdhash); err != nil {
+		// If no user found with name, create the user
+		if errors.Is(err, sql.ErrNoRows) {
+			pwdhash_bytes, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword(password, 12)
+			if err != nil {
+				http.Error(res, fmt.Sprintf("user: failed to generate password hash (%s)", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+				return
+			}
+			pwdhash := string(pwdhash_bytes)
+
+			_, err = h.db.Exec("INSERT INTO users VALUES (?,?)", name, pwdhash)
+			if err != nil {
+				http.Error(res, fmt.Sprintf("db: failed to create user (%s)", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+				return
+			}
+		} else {
+			http.Error(res, fmt.Sprintf("db: failed to query row (%s)", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+	} else if bcrypt.CompareHashAndPassword([]byte(db_pwdhash), password) != nil {
+		http.Error(res, "User exists, but invalid password", http.StatusForbidden)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// JWT generation
+	token := jwt.New(jwt.SigningMethodES256)
+	claims := token.Claims.(jwt.MapClaims)
+	claims["name"] = name
+	claims["pwdhash"] = db_pwdhash
+
+	token_string, err := token.SignedString(h.jwt_secret)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(res, fmt.Sprintf("jwt: failed to generate token (%s)", err), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintf(res, "%s", token_string)
+}
+
+// TODO(midnadimple): implement:
+func (h *UserHandler) updateUser(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {}
+func (h *UserHandler) deleteUser(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {}

backend/util.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ShiftPath function taken from https://blog.merovius.de/posts/2017-06-18-how-not-to-use-an-http-router/
+func ShiftPath(p string) (head, tail string) {
+	p = path.Clean("/" + p)
+	i := strings.Index(p[1:], "/") + 1
+	if i <= 0 {
+		return p[1:], "/"
+	}
+	return p[1:i], p[i:]
+}