diff --git a/arm7tdmi/src/simple_memory.rs b/arm7tdmi/src/simple_memory.rs
index df0e561..4d5d986 100644
--- a/arm7tdmi/src/simple_memory.rs
+++ b/arm7tdmi/src/simple_memory.rs
@@ -69,13 +69,16 @@ impl DebugRead for SimpleMemory {
 
 impl MemoryGdbInterface for SimpleMemory {
     fn memory_map_xml(&self, offset: u64, length: usize, buf: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
-        let memory_map = format!(r#"<?xml version="1.0"?>
+        let memory_map = format!(
+            r#"<?xml version="1.0"?>
     <!DOCTYPE memory-map
         PUBLIC "+//IDN gnu.org//DTD GDB Memory Map V1.0//EN"
                 "http://sourceware.org/gdb/gdb-memory-map.dtd">
     <memory-map>
         <memory type="ram" start="0x0" length="{}"/>
-    </memory-map>"#, self.data.len());
+    </memory-map>"#,
+            self.data.len()
+        );
         copy_range_to_buf(memory_map.trim().as_bytes(), offset, length, buf)
     }
 }
diff --git a/core/BENCHMARK.md b/core/BENCHMARK.md
index edad29b..401d0c2 100644
--- a/core/BENCHMARK.md
+++ b/core/BENCHMARK.md
@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 
 rustboyadvance-core crate provides a simple yet effective performance benchmark.
 
-to run it use `cargo bench --manifest-path ./core/Cargo.toml --features no_video_interface` from the repository root
+to run it use `cargo bench --manifest-path ./core/Cargo.toml` from the repository root
 
diff --git a/core/Cargo.toml b/core/Cargo.toml
index e6c65d7..300c713 100644
--- a/core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/core/Cargo.toml
@@ -54,6 +54,4 @@ harness = false
 default = []
 elf_support = []
 debugger = ["nom", "rustyline", "fuzzy-matcher", "elf_support"]
-gdb = ["gdbstub"]
-# For use for ports where VideoInterface is not needed like wasm & jni
-no_video_interface = []
+gdb = ["gdbstub"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/src/cartridge/loader.rs b/core/src/cartridge/loader.rs
index e55589e..99ce52d 100644
--- a/core/src/cartridge/loader.rs
+++ b/core/src/cartridge/loader.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ use rustboyadvance_utils::elf::{load_elf, GoblinError};
 use rustboyadvance_utils::read_bin_file;
 use zip::ZipArchive;
 
-
 pub enum LoadRom {
     #[cfg(feature = "elf_support")]
     Elf {
diff --git a/core/src/gba.rs b/core/src/gba.rs
index 6e8b2b9..4bf0bcc 100644
--- a/core/src/gba.rs
+++ b/core/src/gba.rs
@@ -16,8 +16,6 @@ use super::sysbus::SysBus;
 use super::timer::Timers;
 
 use super::AudioInterface;
-#[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-use super::VideoInterface;
 
 use arm7tdmi::{self, Arm7tdmiCore};
 use rustboyadvance_utils::Shared;
@@ -28,8 +26,6 @@ pub struct GameBoyAdvance {
     pub io_devs: Shared<IoDevices>,
     pub scheduler: SharedScheduler,
     interrupt_flags: SharedInterruptFlags,
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-    pub video_device: Rc<RefCell<dyn VideoInterface>>,
     pub audio_device: Rc<RefCell<dyn AudioInterface>>,
 }
 
@@ -67,7 +63,6 @@ impl GameBoyAdvance {
     pub fn new(
         bios_rom: Box<[u8]>,
         gamepak: Cartridge,
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))] video_device: Rc<RefCell<dyn VideoInterface>>,
         audio_device: Rc<RefCell<dyn AudioInterface>>,
     ) -> GameBoyAdvance {
         // Warn the user if the bios is not the real one
@@ -108,8 +103,6 @@ impl GameBoyAdvance {
             cpu,
             sysbus,
             io_devs,
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-            video_device,
             audio_device,
             scheduler,
             interrupt_flags,
@@ -124,7 +117,6 @@ impl GameBoyAdvance {
         savestate: &[u8],
         bios: Box<[u8]>,
         rom: Box<[u8]>,
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))] video_device: Rc<RefCell<dyn VideoInterface>>,
         audio_device: Rc<RefCell<dyn AudioInterface>>,
     ) -> bincode::Result<GameBoyAdvance> {
         let decoded: Box<SaveState> = bincode::deserialize_from(savestate)?;
@@ -156,8 +148,6 @@ impl GameBoyAdvance {
             sysbus,
             io_devs,
             interrupt_flags: interrupts,
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-            video_device,
             audio_device,
             scheduler,
         })
@@ -308,12 +298,7 @@ impl GameBoyAdvance {
                     let apu = &mut io.sound;
                     Some(timers.handle_overflow_event(channel_id, event_time, apu, dmac))
                 }
-                EventType::Gpu(gpu_event) => Some(io.gpu.on_event(
-                    gpu_event,
-                    &mut *self.sysbus,
-                    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-                    &self.video_device,
-                )),
+                EventType::Gpu(gpu_event) => Some(io.gpu.on_event(gpu_event, &mut *self.sysbus)),
                 EventType::Apu(event) => Some(io.sound.on_event(event, &self.audio_device)),
             };
             if let Some((new_event, when)) = new_event {
@@ -380,8 +365,6 @@ impl GameBoyAdvance {
         breakpoint
     }
 
-    /// Query the emulator for the recently drawn framebuffer.
-    /// for use with implementations where the VideoInterface is not a viable option.
     pub fn get_frame_buffer(&self) -> &[u32] {
         self.sysbus.io.gpu.get_frame_buffer()
     }
@@ -401,17 +384,15 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::cartridge::GamepakBuilder;
     use arm7tdmi::memory::BusIO;
 
-    struct DummyInterface {}
+    struct DummyAudio {}
 
-    impl DummyInterface {
-        fn new() -> DummyInterface {
-            DummyInterface {}
+    impl DummyAudio {
+        fn new() -> DummyAudio {
+            DummyAudio {}
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-    impl VideoInterface for DummyInterface {}
-    impl AudioInterface for DummyInterface {}
+    impl AudioInterface for DummyAudio {}
 
     fn make_mock_gba(rom: &[u8]) -> GameBoyAdvance {
         let bios = vec![0; 0x4000].into_boxed_slice();
@@ -421,14 +402,8 @@ mod tests {
             .without_backup_to_file()
             .build()
             .unwrap();
-        let dummy = Rc::new(RefCell::new(DummyInterface::new()));
-        let mut gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(
-            bios,
-            cartridge,
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-            dummy.clone(),
-            dummy.clone(),
-        );
+        let dummy = Rc::new(RefCell::new(DummyAudio::new()));
+        let mut gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(bios, cartridge, dummy.clone());
         gba.skip_bios();
 
         gba
diff --git a/core/src/gpu/mod.rs b/core/src/gpu/mod.rs
index 8ad8ac6..078704d 100644
--- a/core/src/gpu/mod.rs
+++ b/core/src/gpu/mod.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,3 @@
-#[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-use std::cell::RefCell;
-#[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-use std::rc::Rc;
-
 use num::FromPrimitive;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -13,8 +8,6 @@ use super::dma::{DmaNotifer, TIMING_HBLANK, TIMING_VBLANK};
 use super::interrupt::{self, Interrupt, InterruptConnect, SharedInterruptFlags};
 use super::sched::{EventType, FutureEvent, GpuEvent, Scheduler};
 pub use super::sysbus::consts::*;
-#[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-use super::VideoInterface;
 
 mod render;
 
@@ -107,9 +100,6 @@ impl Default for ObjBufferEntry {
     }
 }
 
-#[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-type VideoDeviceRcRefCell = Rc<RefCell<dyn VideoInterface>>;
-
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, DebugStub)]
 pub struct Gpu {
     interrupt_flags: SharedInterruptFlags,
@@ -369,11 +359,7 @@ impl Gpu {
         (GpuEvent::HBlank, CYCLES_HBLANK)
     }
 
-    fn handle_hblank_end<D: DmaNotifer>(
-        &mut self,
-        dma_notifier: &mut D,
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))] video_device: &VideoDeviceRcRefCell,
-    ) -> FutureGpuEvent {
+    fn handle_hblank_end<D: DmaNotifer>(&mut self, dma_notifier: &mut D) -> FutureGpuEvent {
         self.update_vcount(self.vcount + 1);
 
         if self.vcount < DISPLAY_HEIGHT {
@@ -401,9 +387,6 @@ impl Gpu {
 
             dma_notifier.notify(TIMING_VBLANK);
 
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-            video_device.borrow_mut().render(&self.frame_buffer);
-
             self.obj_buffer_reset();
 
             (GpuEvent::VBlankHDraw, CYCLES_HDRAW)
@@ -432,22 +415,13 @@ impl Gpu {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn on_event<D>(
-        &mut self,
-        event: GpuEvent,
-        dma_notifier: &mut D,
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))] video_device: &VideoDeviceRcRefCell,
-    ) -> FutureEvent
+    pub fn on_event<D>(&mut self, event: GpuEvent, dma_notifier: &mut D) -> FutureEvent
     where
         D: DmaNotifer,
     {
         let (event, when) = match event {
             GpuEvent::HDraw => self.handle_hdraw_end(dma_notifier),
-            GpuEvent::HBlank => self.handle_hblank_end(
-                dma_notifier,
-                #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-                video_device,
-            ),
+            GpuEvent::HBlank => self.handle_hblank_end(dma_notifier),
             GpuEvent::VBlankHDraw => self.handle_vblank_hdraw_end(),
             GpuEvent::VBlankHBlank => self.handle_vblank_hblank_end(),
         };
@@ -549,26 +523,10 @@ mod tests {
         fn notify(&mut self, _timing: u16) {}
     }
 
-    #[derive(Default)]
-    struct TestVideoInterface {
-        frame_counter: usize,
-    }
-
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-    impl VideoInterface for TestVideoInterface {
-        fn render(&mut self, _buffer: &[u32]) {
-            self.frame_counter += 1;
-        }
-    }
-
     #[test]
     fn test_gpu_state_machine() {
         let mut sched = Scheduler::new();
         let mut gpu = Gpu::new(&mut sched, Rc::new(Cell::new(Default::default())));
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-        let video = Rc::new(RefCell::new(TestVideoInterface::default()));
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-        let video_clone: VideoDeviceRcRefCell = video.clone();
         let mut dma_notifier = NopDmaNotifer;
 
         gpu.dispstat.vcount_setting = 0;
@@ -580,12 +538,7 @@ mod tests {
                 let (event, event_time) = sched.pop_pending_event().unwrap();
                 assert_eq!(event_time, sched.timestamp());
                 let next_event = match event {
-                    EventType::Gpu(event) => gpu.on_event(
-                        event,
-                        &mut dma_notifier,
-                        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-                        &video_clone,
-                    ),
+                    EventType::Gpu(event) => gpu.on_event(event, &mut dma_notifier),
                     _ => panic!("Found unexpected event in queue!"),
                 };
                 sched.schedule(next_event);
@@ -594,8 +547,6 @@ mod tests {
 
         for line in 0..160 {
             println!("line = {}", line);
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-            assert_eq!(video.borrow().frame_counter, 0);
             assert_eq!(gpu.vcount, line);
             assert_eq!(sched.peek_next(), Some(EventType::Gpu(GpuEvent::HDraw)));
             assert_eq!(gpu.dispstat.hblank_flag, false);
@@ -613,9 +564,6 @@ mod tests {
             assert_eq!(gpu.interrupt_flags.get().LCD_VCounterMatch(), false);
         }
 
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-        assert_eq!(video.borrow().frame_counter, 1);
-
         for line in 0..68 {
             println!("line = {}", 160 + line);
             assert_eq!(gpu.dispstat.hblank_flag, false);
@@ -638,8 +586,6 @@ mod tests {
             update!(CYCLES_HBLANK);
         }
 
-        #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-        assert_eq!(video.borrow().frame_counter, 1);
         assert_eq!(sched.timestamp(), CYCLES_FULL_REFRESH);
 
         assert_eq!(gpu.interrupt_flags.get().LCD_VCounterMatch(), true);
diff --git a/core/src/lib.rs b/core/src/lib.rs
index 471606c..fbe1f7f 100644
--- a/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -55,12 +55,6 @@ pub(crate) mod overrides;
 #[cfg(feature = "debugger")]
 pub mod debugger;
 
-#[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-pub trait VideoInterface {
-    #[allow(unused_variables)]
-    fn render(&mut self, buffer: &[u32]) {}
-}
-
 pub type StereoSample<T> = [T; 2];
 
 pub trait AudioInterface {
@@ -129,8 +123,6 @@ pub mod prelude {
     pub use super::debugger::Debugger;
     pub use super::gpu::{DISPLAY_HEIGHT, DISPLAY_WIDTH};
     pub use super::Bus;
-    #[cfg(not(feature = "no_video_interface"))]
-    pub use super::VideoInterface;
     pub use super::{AudioInterface, StereoSample};
     pub use super::{GBAError, GBAResult, GameBoyAdvance};
     pub use rustboyadvance_utils::{read_bin_file, write_bin_file};
diff --git a/fps_bench/src/main.rs b/fps_bench/src/main.rs
index 16f292b..4a36b6a 100644
--- a/fps_bench/src/main.rs
+++ b/fps_bench/src/main.rs
@@ -6,16 +6,15 @@ use std::rc::Rc;
 use rustboyadvance_core::prelude::*;
 use rustboyadvance_core::util::FpsCounter;
 
-struct BenchmarkHardware {}
+struct DummyAudio {}
 
-impl BenchmarkHardware {
-    fn new() -> BenchmarkHardware {
-        BenchmarkHardware {}
+impl DummyAudio {
+    fn new() -> DummyAudio {
+        DummyAudio {}
     }
 }
 
-impl VideoInterface for BenchmarkHardware {}
-impl AudioInterface for BenchmarkHardware {}
+impl AudioInterface for DummyAudio {}
 
 fn main() {
     if env::args().count() < 3 {
@@ -36,14 +35,9 @@ fn main() {
         .build()
         .unwrap();
 
-    let dummy = Rc::new(RefCell::new(BenchmarkHardware::new()));
+    let dummy = Rc::new(RefCell::new(DummyAudio::new()));
 
-    let mut gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(
-        bios.into_boxed_slice(),
-        gamepak,
-        dummy.clone(),
-        dummy.clone(),
-    );
+    let mut gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(bios.into_boxed_slice(), gamepak, dummy.clone());
     gba.skip_bios();
 
     let mut fps_counter = FpsCounter::default();
diff --git a/platform/rustboyadvance-jni/Cargo.toml b/platform/rustboyadvance-jni/Cargo.toml
index 824e1d1..c4fe42b 100644
--- a/platform/rustboyadvance-jni/Cargo.toml
+++ b/platform/rustboyadvance-jni/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@ publish = false
 crate-type = ["staticlib", "cdylib"]
 
 [dependencies]
-rustboyadvance-core = {path = "../../core/", features = ["no_video_interface"]}
-rustboyadvance-utils = {path = "../../utils/" }
+rustboyadvance-core = { path = "../../core/" }
+rustboyadvance-utils = { path = "../../utils/" }
 jni = "0.17.0"
 log = {version = "0.4.8", features = ["release_max_level_info", "max_level_debug"]}
 
diff --git a/platform/rustboyadvance-jni/src/emulator.rs b/platform/rustboyadvance-jni/src/emulator.rs
index 4d0d242..8e7646c 100644
--- a/platform/rustboyadvance-jni/src/emulator.rs
+++ b/platform/rustboyadvance-jni/src/emulator.rs
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ use jni::JNIEnv;
 
 use crate::audio::{self, connector::AudioJNIConnector, thread::AudioThreadCommand};
 
-struct Hardware {
+struct AudioDevice {
     sample_rate: i32,
     audio_producer: Option<Producer<i16>>,
 }
 
-impl AudioInterface for Hardware {
+impl AudioInterface for AudioDevice {
     fn push_sample(&mut self, samples: &[i16]) {
         if let Some(prod) = &mut self.audio_producer {
             for s in samples.iter() {
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ impl Default for EmulationState {
 }
 
 pub struct EmulatorContext {
-    hwif: Rc<RefCell<Hardware>>,
+    audio_device: Rc<RefCell<AudioDevice>>,
     renderer: Renderer,
     audio_player_ref: GlobalRef,
     keypad: Keypad,
@@ -188,11 +188,11 @@ impl EmulatorContext {
         let renderer = Renderer::new(env, renderer_obj)?;
 
         info!("Creating GBA Instance");
-        let hw = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Hardware {
+        let audio = Rc::new(RefCell::new(AudioDevice {
             sample_rate: audio::util::get_sample_rate(env, audio_player),
             audio_producer: None,
         }));
-        let mut gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(bios, gamepak, hw.clone());
+        let mut gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(bios, gamepak, audio.clone());
         if skip_bios != 0 {
             info!("skipping bios");
             gba.skip_bios();
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ impl EmulatorContext {
             renderer,
             audio_player_ref,
             emustate: Mutex::new(EmulationState::default()),
-            hwif: hw.clone(),
+            audio_device: audio.clone(),
         };
         Ok(context)
     }
@@ -237,17 +237,18 @@ impl EmulatorContext {
 
         let renderer = Renderer::new(env, renderer_obj)?;
 
-        let hw = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Hardware {
+        let audio = Rc::new(RefCell::new(AudioDevice {
             sample_rate: audio::util::get_sample_rate(env, audio_player),
             audio_producer: None,
         }));
-        let gba = GameBoyAdvance::from_saved_state(&savestate, bios, rom, hw.clone())
-            .map_err(|e| {
-            format!(
-                "failed to create GameBoyAdvance from saved savestate, error {:?}",
-                e
-            )
-        })?;
+        let gba = GameBoyAdvance::from_saved_state(&savestate, bios, rom, audio.clone()).map_err(
+            |e| {
+                format!(
+                    "failed to create GameBoyAdvance from saved savestate, error {:?}",
+                    e
+                )
+            },
+        )?;
 
         let keypad = Keypad::new(env, keypad_obj);
 
@@ -258,7 +259,7 @@ impl EmulatorContext {
             renderer,
             audio_player_ref,
             emustate: Mutex::new(EmulationState::default()),
-            hwif: hw.clone(),
+            audio_device: audio.clone(),
         })
     }
 
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ impl EmulatorContext {
         let (prod, cons) = AudioRingBuffer::new_with_capacity(audio_connector.sample_count).split();
 
         // Store the ringbuffer producer in the emulator
-        self.hwif.borrow_mut().audio_producer = Some(prod);
+        self.audio_device.borrow_mut().audio_producer = Some(prod);
 
         // Spawn the audio worker thread, give it the audio connector, jvm and ringbuffer consumer
         let (audio_thread_handle, audio_thread_tx) =
@@ -354,7 +355,7 @@ impl EmulatorContext {
 
         audio_connector.pause(env);
 
-        self.hwif.borrow_mut().audio_producer = None;
+        self.audio_device.borrow_mut().audio_producer = None;
 
         *self.emustate.lock().unwrap() = EmulationState::Stopped;
 
diff --git a/platform/rustboyadvance-libretro/Cargo.toml b/platform/rustboyadvance-libretro/Cargo.toml
index 68e1002..9d151fc 100644
--- a/platform/rustboyadvance-libretro/Cargo.toml
+++ b/platform/rustboyadvance-libretro/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ crate-type = ["cdylib"]
 
 
 [dependencies]
-rustboyadvance-core = { path = "../../core/", features = ["no_video_interface"] }
+rustboyadvance-core = { path = "../../core/" }
 rustboyadvance-utils = { path = "../../utils" }
 log = "0.4.8"
 libc = "0.2"
diff --git a/platform/rustboyadvance-libretro/src/lib.rs b/platform/rustboyadvance-libretro/src/lib.rs
index 2dba8e8..d1fd5a3 100644
--- a/platform/rustboyadvance-libretro/src/lib.rs
+++ b/platform/rustboyadvance-libretro/src/lib.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ struct GbaButton(_GbaButton);
 impl Deref for GbaButton {
     type Target = _GbaButton;
     fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
-        return &self.0
+        return &self.0;
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/platform/rustboyadvance-sdl2/src/main.rs b/platform/rustboyadvance-sdl2/src/main.rs
index 801a84e..3664650 100644
--- a/platform/rustboyadvance-sdl2/src/main.rs
+++ b/platform/rustboyadvance-sdl2/src/main.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-use sdl2;
 use sdl2::controller::Button;
 use sdl2::event::{Event, WindowEvent};
 use sdl2::image::{InitFlag, LoadSurface, LoadTexture};
@@ -7,6 +6,7 @@ use sdl2::pixels::Color;
 use sdl2::rect::Rect;
 use sdl2::render::WindowCanvas;
 use sdl2::surface::Surface;
+use sdl2::{self};
 
 use sdl2::EventPump;
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ mod input;
 mod video;
 
 use audio::{create_audio_player, create_dummy_player};
-use video::{create_video_interface, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_WIDTH};
+use video::{SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_WIDTH};
 
 use rustboyadvance_core::cartridge::BackupType;
 use rustboyadvance_core::prelude::*;
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         }
     };
 
-    let video = Rc::new(RefCell::new(create_video_interface(canvas)));
+    let mut renderer = video::Renderer::from_canvas(canvas);
     let audio: Rc<RefCell<dyn AudioInterface>> = if silent {
         Rc::new(RefCell::new(create_dummy_player()))
     } else {
@@ -205,12 +205,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 
     let gamepak = builder.build()?;
 
-    let mut gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(
-        bios_bin.clone(),
-        gamepak,
-        video.clone(),
-        audio.clone(),
-    );
+    let mut gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(bios_bin.clone(), gamepak, audio.clone());
 
     if skip_bios {
         gba.skip_bios();
@@ -331,12 +326,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
                     let bios_bin = read_bin_file(bios_path).unwrap();
 
                     // create a new emulator - TODO, export to a function
-                    gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(
-                        bios_bin.into_boxed_slice(),
-                        gamepak,
-                        video.clone(),
-                        audio.clone(),
-                    );
+                    gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(bios_bin.into_boxed_slice(), gamepak, audio.clone());
                     gba.skip_bios();
                 }
                 _ => {}
@@ -344,10 +334,11 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         }
 
         gba.frame();
+        renderer.render(gba.get_frame_buffer());
 
         if let Some(fps) = fps_counter.tick() {
             let title = format!("{} ({} fps)", rom_name, fps);
-            video.borrow_mut().set_window_title(&title);
+            renderer.set_window_title(&title);
         }
 
         if frame_limiter {
diff --git a/platform/rustboyadvance-sdl2/src/video.rs b/platform/rustboyadvance-sdl2/src/video.rs
index 91370bd..45ca50f 100644
--- a/platform/rustboyadvance-sdl2/src/video.rs
+++ b/platform/rustboyadvance-sdl2/src/video.rs
@@ -4,25 +4,37 @@ use sdl2::render::{Texture, TextureCreator, WindowCanvas};
 use sdl2::video::WindowContext;
 
 use rustboyadvance_core::gpu::{DISPLAY_HEIGHT, DISPLAY_WIDTH};
-use rustboyadvance_core::VideoInterface;
 
 pub const SCREEN_WIDTH: u32 = DISPLAY_WIDTH as u32;
 pub const SCREEN_HEIGHT: u32 = DISPLAY_HEIGHT as u32;
 
-pub struct Sdl2Video<'a> {
+pub struct Renderer<'a> {
     _tc: TextureCreator<WindowContext>, // only kept alive because of the texture
     texture: Texture<'a>,               // TODO - what happens if _tc is destroyed first ?
     canvas: WindowCanvas,
 }
 
-impl<'a> Sdl2Video<'a> {
+impl<'a> Renderer<'a> {
+    pub fn from_canvas(canvas: WindowCanvas) -> Renderer<'a> {
+        let mut tc = canvas.texture_creator();
+        let texture = unsafe {
+            let tc_ptr = &mut tc as *mut TextureCreator<WindowContext>;
+            (*tc_ptr)
+                .create_texture_streaming(PixelFormatEnum::BGRA32, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)
+                .unwrap()
+        };
+        Renderer {
+            _tc: tc,
+            texture,
+            canvas,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
         self.canvas.window_mut().set_title(&title).unwrap();
     }
-}
 
-impl<'a> VideoInterface for Sdl2Video<'a> {
-    fn render(&mut self, buffer: &[u32]) {
+    pub fn render(&mut self, buffer: &[u32]) {
         self.texture
             .update(
                 None,
@@ -42,18 +54,3 @@ impl<'a> VideoInterface for Sdl2Video<'a> {
         self.canvas.present();
     }
 }
-
-pub fn create_video_interface<'a>(canvas: WindowCanvas) -> Sdl2Video<'a> {
-    let mut tc = canvas.texture_creator();
-    let texture = unsafe {
-        let tc_ptr = &mut tc as *mut TextureCreator<WindowContext>;
-        (*tc_ptr)
-            .create_texture_streaming(PixelFormatEnum::BGRA32, SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT)
-            .unwrap()
-    };
-    Sdl2Video {
-        _tc: tc,
-        texture: texture,
-        canvas: canvas,
-    }
-}
diff --git a/platform/rustboyadvance-wasm/src/emulator.rs b/platform/rustboyadvance-wasm/src/emulator.rs
index 48ba0aa..70f3508 100644
--- a/platform/rustboyadvance-wasm/src/emulator.rs
+++ b/platform/rustboyadvance-wasm/src/emulator.rs
@@ -19,10 +19,21 @@ use bit::BitIndex;
 pub struct Emulator {
     gba: GameBoyAdvance,
     interface: Rc<RefCell<Interface>>,
+    frame: Option<Box<[u8]>>,
+}
+
+fn translate_frame_to_u8(input_fb: &[u32], out_fb: &mut [u8]) {
+    // TODO optimize
+    for i in 0..input_fb.len() {
+        let color = input_fb[i];
+        out_fb[4 * i + 0] = ((color >> 16) & 0xff) as u8;
+        out_fb[4 * i + 1] = ((color >> 8) & 0xff) as u8;
+        out_fb[4 * i + 2] = (color & 0xff) as u8;
+        out_fb[4 * i + 3] = 255;
+    }
 }
 
 struct Interface {
-    frame: Vec<u8>,
     sample_rate: i32,
     audio_ctx: AudioContext,
     audio_ring_buffer: AudioRingBuffer,
@@ -37,7 +48,6 @@ impl Drop for Interface {
 impl Interface {
     fn new(audio_ctx: AudioContext) -> Result<Interface, JsValue> {
         Ok(Interface {
-            frame: vec![0; 240 * 160 * 4],
             sample_rate: audio_ctx.sample_rate() as i32,
             audio_ctx: audio_ctx,
             audio_ring_buffer: Default::default(),
@@ -45,19 +55,6 @@ impl Interface {
     }
 }
 
-impl VideoInterface for Interface {
-    fn render(&mut self, buffer: &[u32]) {
-        // TODO optimize
-        for i in 0..buffer.len() {
-            let color = buffer[i];
-            self.frame[4 * i + 0] = ((color >> 16) & 0xff) as u8;
-            self.frame[4 * i + 1] = ((color >> 8) & 0xff) as u8;
-            self.frame[4 * i + 2] = (color & 0xff) as u8;
-            self.frame[4 * i + 3] = 255;
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 fn convert_sample(s: i16) -> f32 {
     (s as f32) / 32767_f32
 }
@@ -88,15 +85,13 @@ impl Emulator {
             .build()
             .unwrap();
 
-        let gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(
-            bios.to_vec().into_boxed_slice(),
-            gamepak,
-            interface.clone(),
-            interface.clone(),
-            interface.clone(),
-        );
+        let gba = GameBoyAdvance::new(bios.to_vec().into_boxed_slice(), gamepak, interface.clone());
 
-        Ok(Emulator { gba, interface })
+        Ok(Emulator {
+            gba,
+            interface,
+            frame: Some(vec![0; 240 * 160 * 4].into_boxed_slice()),
+        })
     }
 
     pub fn skip_bios(&mut self) {
@@ -105,13 +100,11 @@ impl Emulator {
 
     pub fn run_frame(&mut self, ctx: &CanvasRenderingContext2d) -> Result<(), JsValue> {
         self.gba.frame();
-        let mut frame_buffer = &mut self.interface.borrow_mut().frame;
-        let data = web_sys::ImageData::new_with_u8_clamped_array_and_sh(
-            Clamped(&mut frame_buffer),
-            240,
-            160,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        let mut frame = self.frame.take().unwrap();
+        translate_frame_to_u8(self.gba.get_frame_buffer(), &mut frame);
+        let data =
+            web_sys::ImageData::new_with_u8_clamped_array_and_sh(Clamped(&mut frame), 240, 160)?;
+        self.frame.replace(frame);
         ctx.put_image_data(&data, 0.0, 0.0)
     }
 
@@ -134,14 +127,14 @@ impl Emulator {
     pub fn key_down(&mut self, event_key: &str) {
         debug!("Key down: {}", event_key);
         if let Some(key) = Emulator::map_key(event_key) {
-            self.gba.get_key_state().set_bit(key as usize, false);
+            self.gba.get_key_state_mut().set_bit(key as usize, false);
         }
     }
 
     pub fn key_up(&mut self, event_key: &str) {
         debug!("Key up: {}", event_key);
         if let Some(key) = Emulator::map_key(event_key) {
-            self.gba.get_key_state().set_bit(key as usize, true);
+            self.gba.get_key_state_mut().set_bit(key as usize, true);
         }
     }